The prayer was offered by the Chaplain, Pastor John Fette, followed by the Pledge of
Allegiance led by Senate pages Cheyann Kessler and Bradley Cihak.
Roll Call: All members present except Sen. Schmidt who was excused.
The Committee on Legislative Procedure respectfully reports that the Secretary of the
Senate has had under consideration the Senate Journal of the sixteenth day.
All errors, typographical or otherwise, are duly marked in the temporary journal for
correction.
And we hereby move the adoption of the report.
Pages _ Bradley Cihak, Layne Duvall, Aisling Gould, Laci Hale, Cheyann Kessler, Cory
Kleinsasser, Tiffany Newman, Reagan Nielsen, Abigail Olfert, Samantha Olsen, Daniel Vellek,
Leah Wienbar
Which was subscribed to and placed on file in the office of the Secretary of State.
Mr. President and Members of the Senate:
I have the honor to inform you that on February 8, 2010, I approved Senate Bill 25, and the
same has been deposited in the office of the Secretary of State.
The Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources respectfully reports that it has had
under consideration HB 1015 and returns the same with the recommendation that said bill do
pass and be placed on the consent calendar.
Also MR. PRESIDENT:
The Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources respectfully reports that it has had
under consideration HB 1014 and returns the same with the recommendation that said bill be
amended as follows:
"Section 4. That § 41-1-5.2 be amended to read as follows:
41-1-5.2. The liquidated damages provided for in this chapter and taxable costs may be
collected by the Department of Game, Fish and Parks in a civil suit brought by it, in the name
of the State of South Dakota, against the person claimed to be liable therefor. Conviction of a
criminal offense for the same incident leading to the charges specified in § 41-1-5.1 is prima
facie evidence of the defendant's civil liability. Failure to obtain conviction on a criminal charge
is not a bar to a separate civil action for such liquidated damages.
Also MR. PRESIDENT:
The Committee on Agriculture and Natural Resources respectfully reports that it has had
under consideration SB 127 and 151 which were deferred to the 41st Legislative Day.
The Committee on Commerce respectfully reports that it has had under consideration
SB 97 and returns the same with the recommendation that said bill be amended as follows:
The Committee on Commerce respectfully reports that it has had under consideration
SB 90 and returns the same with the recommendation that said bill do pass.
Also MR. PRESIDENT:
The Committee on Commerce respectfully reports that it has had under consideration
SB 125 and returns the same with the recommendation that said bill be amended as follows:
violation, but in no case may the complaint be brought more than one year after the date of the
alleged violation. Any".
The Committee on Education respectfully reports that it has had under consideration
SB 124 and returns the same with the recommendation that said bill be amended as follows:
"(2F) "Adjusted state general fund increase," equals the projected state general fund
increase for school fiscal years 2012 and 2013. Beginning with school fiscal year 2014, it equals
the difference between the calculation in (a) and the calculation in (b) as follows:
"the annual percentage change in the consumer price index for urban wage earners and
clerical workers as computed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States
Department of Labor for the year before the year immediately preceding the year of
adjustment or three percent, whichever is less;".
Also MR. PRESIDENT:
The Committee on Education respectfully reports that it has had under consideration
SB 183 and returns the same with the recommendation that said bill be amended as follows:
"The determination of the small school adjustment for a school district may not include any
students residing in a residential treatment facility operated by the school district;".
Also MR. PRESIDENT:
The Committee on Education respectfully reports that it has had under consideration SJR 7
which was deferred to the 41st Legislative Day.
Sen. Knudson moved that HCR 1007 be deferred to Tuesday, February 16, the 21st
legislative day.
Which motion prevailed.
Sen. Knudson moved that the report of the Standing Committee on
Appropriations on SB 27 as found on page 244 of the Senate Journal be adopted.
Which motion prevailed.
The Senate proceeded to the consideration of the executive reappointment of Kay
Jorgensen of Lawrence County, Spearfish, South Dakota, to the South Dakota Board of
Directors for Educational Telecommunications.
The question being Does the Senate advise and consent to the executive reappointment
of Kay Jorgensen pursuant to the executive message as found on page 85 of the Senate
Journal?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean);
Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
So the question having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the reappointment confirmed.
The Senate proceeded to the consideration of the executive reappointment of Rick Knobe
of Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, to the South Dakota Board of Directors for
Educational Telecommunications.
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean);
Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
So the question having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the reappointment confirmed.
The Senate proceeded to the consideration of the executive reappointment of Larry Miller
of Lawrence County, Spearfish, South Dakota, to the South Dakota Board of Directors for
Educational Telecommunications.
The question being Does the Senate advise and consent to the executive reappointment
of Larry Miller pursuant to the executive message as found on page 84 of the Senate Journal?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 31, Nays 0, Excused 4, Absent 0
Yeas:
Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos; Gray; Hansen
(Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean); Jerstad;
Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Abdallah; Gillespie; Peterson; Schmidt
So the question having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the reappointment confirmed.
The Senate proceeded to the consideration of the executive reappointment of Mark Shlanta
of Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, to the South Dakota Board of Directors for
Educational Telecommunications.
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean);
Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
So the question having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the reappointment confirmed.
The Senate proceeded to the consideration of the executive reappointment of Glenda
Woodburn of Hughes County, Pierre, South Dakota, to the South Dakota Board of Directors for
Educational Telecommunications.
The question being Does the Senate advise and consent to the executive reappointment
of Glenda Woodburn pursuant to the executive message as found on page 84 of the Senate
Journal?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 32, Nays 0, Excused 3, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean); Jerstad;
Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Gillespie; Howie; Schmidt
So the question having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the reappointment confirmed.
Sen. Knudson requested that SB 42 and HB1031 be removed from the Consent Calendar.
SB 83: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to provide for the self-administration of
prescription asthma and anaphylaxis medication by students.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 83 pass as amended?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean);
Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
SB 14: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to update certain provisions pertaining to motor
carrier safety and transportation of hazardous materials.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 14 pass?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean);
Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
SB 45: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to revise the state trunk highway system in
Codington County.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 45 pass?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean);
Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
SB 60: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to revise certain provisions regarding the siting
of energy facilities by the Public Utilities Commission.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 60 pass as amended?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean);
Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
SB 85: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to revise the continuing education requirements
for certain veterinarians.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 85 pass as amended?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean);
Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
SB 114: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to authorize municipalities to include flexible
spending accounts, flexible spending account debit cards, and related programs and procedures
with employee health insurance benefits.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 114 pass?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean);
Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
SB 54: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to revise certain procedures for the
commencement of civil actions by inmates.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 54 pass as amended?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean);
Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
SB 57: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to revise the time frames for issuing a decision
in certain electric service area disputes and adequacy of service complaints.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 57 pass as amended?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
SB 62: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to revise the notice requirements for closure
of a highway and to provide a civil penalty for failure to comply with a closure.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 62 pass?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 29, Nays 4, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Howie; Hunhoff (Jean); Jerstad; Knudson;
Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Novstrup (Al); Olson (Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen;
Turbak Berry; Vehle
Nays:
Heidepriem; Hundstad; Kloucek; Nesselhuf
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
SB 72: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to revise certain provisions regarding the
testing of applicants for a driver license.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 72 pass?
And the roll being called:
Yeas:
Howie; Kloucek; Maher
Nays:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean); Jerstad;
Knudson; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson (Russell); Peterson;
Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
So the bill not having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill lost.
SB 75: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to define certain terms for livestock
identification purposes.
Was read the second time.
Sen. Rhoden moved that SB 75 be laid on the table.
The question being Shall SB 75 be laid on the table?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 31, Nays 2, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos; Gray; Hansen
(Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean); Jerstad;
Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson (Russell);
Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Nays:
Bradford; Kloucek
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
So the motion having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the motion carried.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 92 pass?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 25, Nays 8, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Garnos; Hanson (Gary);
Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean); Jerstad; Knudson; Merchant; Miles;
Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson (Russell); Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Nays:
Bradford; Gant; Gray; Hansen (Tom); Kloucek; Maher; Peterson; Rhoden
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
SB 100: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to continue the motorcycle safety education
fee.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 100 pass?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 32, Nays 1, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean);
Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Nays:
Peterson
Excused:
Gillespie; Schmidt
SB 121: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to require the Department of Education to
establish certain programs for children who are deaf and hard-of-hearing.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 121 pass as amended?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 34, Nays 0, Excused 1, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gillespie; Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad;
Hunhoff (Jean); Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf;
Novstrup (Al); Olson (Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Schmidt
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
SB 157: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to authorize the construction of nursing
facilities on American Indian reservations under certain circumstances.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 157 pass?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gillespie; Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad;
Hunhoff (Jean); Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nesselhuf; Novstrup
(Al); Olson (Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Nelson; Schmidt
SB 122: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to repeal certain procedures required when
actual state revenues fall below legislatively adopted estimates.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 122 pass?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 33, Nays 0, Excused 2, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos; Gillespie; Gray;
Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff (Jean);
Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson
(Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Dempster; Schmidt
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
SB 139: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to revise the membership of the State
Building Committee created during the planning stages of certain state facilities.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall SB 139 pass as amended?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 30, Nays 4, Excused 1, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gillespie; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad; Hunhoff
(Jean); Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf; Novstrup (Al); Olson (Russell);
Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Nays:
Gray; Jerstad; Merchant; Peterson
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a majority of the members-elect, the
President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
HB 1021: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to authorize the deposit of federal special
education funds into the capital outlay fund for the purchase of equipment for the purpose of
special education and to declare an emergency.
Was read the second time.
The question being Shall HB 1021 pass as amended?
And the roll being called:
Yeas 34, Nays 0, Excused 1, Absent 0
Yeas:
Abdallah; Adelstein; Ahlers; Bartling; Bradford; Brown; Dempster; Fryslie; Gant; Garnos;
Gillespie; Gray; Hansen (Tom); Hanson (Gary); Haverly; Heidepriem; Howie; Hundstad;
Hunhoff (Jean); Jerstad; Kloucek; Knudson; Maher; Merchant; Miles; Nelson; Nesselhuf;
Novstrup (Al); Olson (Russell); Peterson; Rhoden; Tieszen; Turbak Berry; Vehle
Excused:
Schmidt
So the bill having received an affirmative vote of a two-thirds majority of the members-elect, the President declared the bill passed and the title was agreed to.
The President publicly read the title to
HB 1013: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to authorize the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources to accept certain documents submitted with electronic signatures.
HB 1024: FOR AN ACT ENTITLED, An Act to repeal the requirement for school districts
to have certain teaching certificates on file.
And signed the same in the presence of the Senate.
Sen. Howie moved that the Senate do now adjourn, which motion prevailed and at
3:48 p.m. the Senate adjourned.